Walls and towers of the Novgorod Kremlin

The walls and towers are part of the architectural complex of the Novgorod Kremlin. They are located on the left bank of the Volkhov River. They have the shape of an irregular oval elongated on one side and slightly concave on the other side. The walls are lined with limestone and cobblestone masonry. The height of the fortress reaches fifteen meters. The thickness ranges from 3.5 to 6.5 meters. The towers are built of stone and brick. They have five or six tiers, which were connected by wooden stairs. In addition, each tower had access to the battle course of the fortress wall. The lower tier was used for ammunition storage.